How to Treat Minor Burns

Minor burns can be painful and disruptive, but with the right care, they can heal quickly and effectively. Knowing how to treat a burn properly is essential for easing pain, preventing infection, and supporting recovery.This guide offers expert advice and clear steps for managing minor burns at home. With the right approach, you can handle burns confidently and ensure the best possible outcome for your skin.

Understanding minor burns

What are minor burns?

Minor burns, or first-degree burns, affect only the top layer of the skin. They typically cause redness, mild swelling, and pain but heal within a few days to a week with proper care.

Common causes of minor burns

• Brief contact with hot objects like stovetops or irons

• Accidental spills of hot liquids

• Sunburn from prolonged exposure

How to identify a minor burn

Minor burns differ from more severe burns in several ways:

• Size: usually small and localised

• Appearance: Red, non-blistered skin

• Pain level: Noticeable but not severe

Immediate first aid steps for minor burns

Step 1: Cool the burn

Start by running cool (not cold) water over the burn for 10-20 minutes. This is the most effective way to reduce heat, ease pain, and prevent further tissue damage. If running water isn’t available, a clean, cool compress can be used as an alternative. Avoid using ice, as it can worsen the injury.

Step 2: Use a burn gel or burn dressing (if available)

• For smaller burns: After cooling with water, apply a burn gel. These gels provide soothing pain relief, keep the skin hydrated, and encourage faster healing.

• For larger minor burns: Use a burn dressing for immediate cooling and protection. Burn dressings are specially designed to cover larger areas, rapidly cool the skin, and prevent further tissue damage.

If burn gel or burn dressings aren’t available, continue cooling with running water until the pain subsides before moving on to the next step.

Step 3: Remove any tight items

If the burn is on the hand, wrist, or another area where swelling might occur, gently remove any rings, bracelets, or tight clothing. This prevents further irritation or complications as the area swells.

Step 4: Clean the burn

Wash the burn area gently with mild soap and water to reduce the risk of infection. Be careful not to scrub or irritate the skin.

Step 5: Protect the burn

Cover the burn with a non-stick, sterile bandage or, if the burn is larger, use a specialised burn dressing. Secure it loosely with a sterile conforming bandage to prevent contamination and allow the burn to breathe.

What not to do

• Do not apply butter, ointments, or oils, as they can trap heat and delay healing.

• Avoid popping blisters, as they protect the wound from infection.

• Don’t use fluffy dressings that can stick to the wound or shed fibres.

Ongoing care and healing for minor burns

Once the initial first aid is complete, proper ongoing care is essential to ensure the burn heals effectively and without complications. With the right care, minor burns typically heal within a week or two. We suggest you follow these steps to support recovery:

Keep the burn moist

Apply a thin layer of burn gel or petroleum jelly two to three times a day to keep the area hydrated. Avoid using ointments with antibiotics unless prescribed, as they may irritate the skin or cause an allergic reaction.

Reapply clean dressings

Change the non-stick, sterile bandage daily or whenever it becomes wet or dirty. This helps prevent infection and keeps the area protected as it heals. If you’re using a burn dressing, follow the manufacturer’s instructions on changing it.

Manage pain and discomfort

Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or paracetamol, can help reduce pain and inflammation. Always follow the dosage instructions and consult a healthcare professional if you’re unsure.

Protect the burn from the sun

Burned skin is highly sensitive to sunlight. Once the area begins to heal, apply a broad-spectrum sunscreen (SPF 50+ or higher) or keep the area covered with clothing to prevent sun damage and minimise scarring.

Monitor for signs of infection

Watch for any signs that the burn may be infected, such as:

• Increased redness, swelling, or warmth around the burn

• Pus or unusual discharge

• Persistent or worsening pain

• Fever

If you notice any of these symptoms, seek medical advice promptly.

When to seek medical attention

While most minor burns can be treated at home, certain situations require professional care to prevent complications. Knowing when to seek medical attention is crucial for ensuring the best outcome.

Signs you need to see a doctor

• Signs of infection: Increased redness, swelling, warmth, or pus around the burn.

• Fever: A potential indication of a systemic infection.

• Delayed healing: If the burn doesn’t improve or appears worse after a few days.

• Persistent pain: Pain that remains severe despite over-the-counter medication.

Burns that require immediate medical attention

• Covers an area larger than a 20-cent piece.

• It is located on sensitive areas like the face, hands, feet, groin, or major joints.

• Appears white, charred, or leathery, as these may indicate a more severe burn.

• Was caused by chemicals, electricity, or boiling liquids.

When to call emergency services

For severe burns that cause difficulty breathing, involve significant charring, or result from an electrical shock, call triple-zero (000) immediately for emergency assistance.Timely intervention for more serious burns can prevent complications such as scarring, infection, or mobility issues, ensuring the best chance for recovery.

Preventing minor burns

Preventing burns is easier than treating them. By taking simple precautions, you can significantly reduce the risk of accidents at home or outdoors.

Practice kitchen safety for yourself and others

• Turn pot handles inward: Keep pot and pan handles turned away from the edge of the stove to avoid spills.

• Keep hot liquids out of reach: Place mugs, kettles, and hot pans where children cannot reach them.

• Supervise cooking: Always stay attentive when cooking, especially when frying or boiling.

Bathroom safety

• Check water temperature: Ensure your hot water system is set below 50°C to prevent scalds. Always test the bath or shower water before use.

• Keep appliances secure: Use caution with hot hair tools like curling irons or hair straighteners, and unplug them after use.

Around the house

• Use protective barriers: Install guards around fireplaces, heaters, and stoves to keep children safe.

• Handle chemicals carefully: Always wear protective gloves and clothing when using caustic chemicals.

Sun protection

• Apply sunscreen: Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with SPF 50+ to protect your skin, particularly during Australia’s harsh summer months.

• Wear protective clothing: Hats, long sleeves, and sunglasses provide additional protection from UV rays.

• Avoid peak sun hours: Minimise sun exposure between 10 am and 3 pm when UV rays are strongest.

Be prepared with first aid essentials

Treating minor burns promptly and effectively is an essential skill that can make a big difference in recovery. With the right knowledge, tools, and precautions, you can ease pain, prevent infection, and support proper healing. Having essential medical supplies and a well-stocked first aid kit on hand ensures you’re prepared to handle burns and other minor injuries with confidence.Preparation is key to facing any emergency situation. If you’d like more information about burn treatment, first aid essentials, or specific medical supplies, feel free to reach out to us. At LFA First Response, we’re here to help you stay ready and capable in any scenario.